体外反搏下不同反搏压对动脉内血流动力学环境影响的研究

为了研究体外反搏下不同反搏压对动脉内血流动力学环境的影响，以寻求较佳的体外反搏作用机制，选用了3周龄雄性断乳乳猪四头，进行了慢性体外反搏实验。详细记录了各实验体在基础状态及不同反搏压的体外反搏状态下心动周期里颈动脉内的动态血流动力学数据，包括压力、心电及血流量，进而计算了各种状态下的实验体颈动脉内壁面切应力（WSS）的动态分布。实验及计算结果表明，体外反搏能明显提高心动周期内实验体颈动脉的血流灌注、WSS水平及舒张期压力水平；从提高心动周期的切应力水平出发，反搏压设定为0．03mPa～0．035mPa为佳。另外，体外反搏改变了心动周期里的血流脉动模式，认为血流模式的改变可能对心动周期内的WSS水平有一定的影响作用。     

长程体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪高级氧化蛋白产物和高敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的探讨长程体外反搏对高胆固醇血症猪血清中高级氧化蛋白产物(AOPP)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响.方法 18头雄性乳猪随机分为正常饲养组(n=6)、高脂饲养组(n=6)及高脂饲养+体外反搏组(n=6).后2组通过高脂饲养复制高胆固醇血症猪模型并对高脂饲养+体外反搏组进行36 d共36 h的长程增强型体外反搏.分别于分组饲养前、反搏前、反搏中期和反搏结束时留取3组动物静脉血,采用分光光度法检测血清AOPP浓度,采用乳胶凝集反应法检测血清hs-CRP浓度.结果高脂饲养组和高脂饲养+体外反搏组经高脂饲养后血清总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白明显升高(P<0.05).血清AOPP和hs-CRP浓度在分组饲养前组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).反搏前、反搏中期和反搏结束时,高脂饲养组与高脂饲养+体外反搏组血清AOPP和hs-CRP浓度较正常饲养组同时期均有显著增高(P<0.05);而反搏中期和反搏结束时高脂饲养+体外反搏组血清AOPP浓度较高脂饲养组显著降低[(95.38±12.66)μmol/L比(128.46±12.55)μmol/L;(85.78±10.33)μmol/L比(158.22±16.32)μmoL/L,P<0.05];且反搏中期和反搏结束时高脂饲养+体外反搏组血清hs-CRP浓度较高脂饲养组也有显著降低[(0.47±0.14)mg/L比(0.62±0.32)mg/L;(0.47±0.16)mg/L比(0.59±0.43)mg/L,P<0.05].结论 AOPP和hs-CRP参与了高胆固醇血症猪的发病过程.长程体外反搏可能通过减轻机体体内氧化应激和微炎性反应过程,从而阻止高胆固醇血症的病理生理进程.     

Skin CanceR Brachytherapy vs External beam radiation therapy (SCRiBE) meta-analysis

Background and purpose

To compare cosmesis and local recurrence (LR) of definitive external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) vs brachytherapy (BT) for indolent basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin.

Proton Beam Therapy – the Challenges of Delivering High-quality Evidence of Clinical Benefit

The use of proton beam therapy (PBT) offers the opportunity to improve greater conformality of radiotherapy treatment delivery in some patients. However, it is associated with a high capital cost and the need to build new dedicated facilities. We discuss how the global radiotherapy community can respond to the challenge of producing high-quality evidence of clinical benefit from PBT in adult patients. In the UK, the National Cancer Research Institute-funded Clinical and Radiotherapy Translational group has established the PBT Clinical Trial Strategy Group. An eight-point framework is described that can assist the development and delivery of high-quality clinical trials.     

Hair analysis for Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA‐A) and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) after handling cannabis plant material

A previous study has shown that Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA‐A), the non‐psychoactive precursor of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the cannabis plant does not get incorporated in relevant amounts into the hair through the bloodstream after repeated oral intake. However, THCA‐A can be measured in forensic hair samples in concentrations often exceeding the detected THC concentrations. To investigate whether the handling of cannabis plant material prior to consumption is a contributing factor for THC‐positive hair results and also the source for THCA‐A findings in hair, a study comprising ten participants was conducted. In this study, the participants rolled a marijuana joint on five consecutive days and hair samples of each participant were obtained. Urine samples were taken to exclude cannabis consumption prior to and during the study. THCA‐A and THC could be detected in the hair samples from all participants taken at the end of the exposure period (concentration range: 15–1800 pg/mg for THCA‐A and < 10–93 pg/mg for THC). Four weeks after the first exposure, THCA‐A could still be detected in the hair samples of nine participants (concentration range: 4–57 pg/mg). Furthermore, THC could be detected in the hair samples of five participants (concentration range: < 10–17 pg/mg). Based on these results, it can be concluded that at least parts of the THC as well as the major part of THCA‐A found in routine hair analysis derives from external contamination caused by direct transfer through contaminated fingers. This finding is of particular interest in interpreting THC‐positive hair results of children or partners of cannabis users, where such a transfer can occur due to close body contact. Analytical findings may be wrongly interpreted as a proof of consumption or at least passive exposure to cannabis smoke. Such misinterpretation could lead to severe consequences for the people concerned. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大黄酸配伍羟基红花黄色素A对大鼠单侧输尿管结扎慢性肾病的作用及机制研究

目的 研究大黄酸（RH）配伍羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）对慢性肾病（CKD）模型大鼠抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡能力的影响及其可能机制。方法 30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、RH（100 mg/kg）组、HSYA（50 mg/kg）组和RH（100 mg/kg）+HSYA（50 mg/kg）组,采用单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）建立CKD模型。试剂盒法测定大鼠肾组织丙二醛（MDA）水平、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性;Masson染色观察肾组织病理变化;TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡情况;Western blotting检测肾组织中IκBα、p-IκBα、NF-κB p-65、p-p65和Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果 RH和HSYA配伍使用明显降低MDA水平,提高SOD及GSH-Px活性;减少肾小球炎细胞浸润,改善肾小管间质纤维化等病理改变;抑制细胞凋亡;抑制磷酸化的IκBα及p65蛋白表达;使Bcl-2蛋白表达上调、Bax表达下调,且效果好于单用组。结论 在CKD进程中,RH和HSYA配伍使用可抑制肾脏组织的氧化损伤,抑制肾小球炎细胞浸润,降低细胞凋亡,且效果好于两个药物单用。     

中风“外风”理论与“感染相关性卒中”关系探讨

自金元以来,中风以"内风"为主,"外风致中"的理论逐渐被忽视。风为百病之长,是中医病因学中极为重要的一部分。风邪作为外邪致病的先导,常合并寒、湿、燥、热诸邪侵犯人体。风邪致病,发病急、变化多、传变快,外可侵袭肌表,内可伤及脏腑,遍及全身,无所不至。推断外感邪气与现代医学中病原微生物,如病毒、细菌、衣原体、支原体、真菌、寄生虫等入侵人体导致感染类似,因此可以说"外风致中"与现代医学"感染相关性卒中"有一定相关性。中风病临床研究也发现,感染是中风的重要和独立的危险因素,"外风致中"学说不容忽视。     

基于一测多评的舒血宁注射液定量测定方法研究

目的采用一测多评法同时测定舒血宁注射液中山柰素、槲皮素、异鼠李素和白果内酯与银杏内酯A、B、C的量,并建立以上实验的方法学考察模式。方法分别以山柰素和白果内酯为内参物,建立舒血宁注射液中这2种成分与槲皮素、异鼠李素和银杏内酯A、B、C间的相对校正因子(fk/s);采用外标法测定舒血宁注射液中山柰素和白果内酯的量,通过fk/s计算输血宁注射液中其他5种成分的量,并将用一测多评法测定的5批舒血宁注射液的结果与用外标法测定的结果进行t检验。结果在一定的线性范围内,山柰素与槲皮素及异鼠李素的fk/s分别为1.873、0.324,白果内酯与银杏内酯A、B、C的fk/s分别为2.280、1.659、1.429,且在不同的实验条件下重现性良好;5批舒血宁注射液的一测多评法计算值与外标法测定值经t检验无显著性差异,实验所得的fk/s可信。结论本实验所建立的fk/s重复性良好,可用于舒血宁注射液中多个成分的定量分析与质量评价。     

复方榴莲皮软膏对特应性皮炎患者皮肤屏障功能修复的临床研究

目的:观察复方榴莲皮软膏对特应性皮炎患者皮肤屏障功能修复的影响。方法:将120例符合要求的特应性皮炎患者随机分为两组,治疗组予外用复方榴莲皮软膏,对照组予外用0.1%糠酸莫米松乳膏,并于治疗第0周、第2周、第4周比较两组SCORAD评分、VAS评分、角质层含水量、PH值、TEWL等指标。结果:治疗4周后治疗组患者SCORAD评分、VAS明显下降,与对照组比较有明显差异(P0.05);皮损处角质层含水量明显高于对照组,PH值、TEWL值下降程度明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:复方榴莲皮软膏治疗特应性皮炎疗效确切,可有效改善皮肤屏障功能,远期疗效好,且无不良反应。     

Thymoquinone alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis and kidney dysfunction in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) causes severe renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Because of many pharmacologic properties of thymoquinone (TQ), in this study, the effects of TQ against kidney fibrosis and dysfunction were investigated in rats with UUO. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Sham operated, UUO, and the animals with UUO treated with losartan, captopril, or TQ. Collagen IV and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 expressions, interstitial fibrosis, histological changes, and kidney function were assessed. UUO markedly increased renal expression of TGF‐β1 and collagen I and induced interstitial fibrosis (p < .001). Losartan, captopril, or TQ significantly downregulated the expression of these fibrotic markers and interstitial fibrosis (p < .01–p < .001). In UUO group, serum levels of urea and creatinine and protein excretion rate significantly increased, but glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine osmolarity showed a significant decrease (p < .001–p < .05). Administration of captopril and TQ caused no significant change in serum urea and protein excretion rate. Unlike losartan and captopril, TQ caused no significant alteration in GFR compared with Day 1. Losartan caused significant increases in serum urea and creatinine but significant decrease in urine osmolarity. TQ could be regarded as a potent therapeutic agent for treatment of UUO‐induced kidney fibrosis and dysfunction.